Many patients with hypertension are in the physical examination, or the treatment of other diseases, occasionally found abnormal blood pressure. After the diagnosis, they often hope to have drug treatment immediately, fearing that the disease will lead to cardiovascular problems. In fact, some high blood pressure does not need to take antihypertensive drugs in a hurry.
first of all, patients need to be clear whether they meet the three conditions
first, blood pressure was only slightly increased (140 / 90 mm Hg ≤ actual measured blood pressure < 160 / 100 mm Hg), and was found for the first time.
second, there are less than two risk factors, specifically: male > 55 years old, female > 65 years old; smoking or passive smoking; impaired glucose tolerance (often pre diabetes); dyslipidemia; family history of early-onset cardiovascular disease; central obesity (abdominal obesity).
third, there were no complications as follows: left ventricular hypertrophy showed by ultrasound; carotid atherosclerotic plaque; microalbuminuria or elevated serum creatinine; heart disease or cerebrovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, atrial fibrillation, etc.; kidney disease; peripheral vascular disease; retinopathy; diabetes mellitus.
if the above conditions are met, non drug treatment should be carried out by improving diet habits and environmental factors after diagnosis of hypertension. If the blood pressure is still high after 3-6 months, drug treatment can be considered. For patients with moderate and severe hypertension whose systolic blood pressure is greater than 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is greater than 100 mmHg, they should receive antihypertensive treatment immediately after diagnosis. .
limit salt intake. According to the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents (2016), the daily salt intake per person is less than 6G. The diet of patients with hypertension should be as light as possible, and low sodium salt is recommended; 6 grams of salt per person per day can be prepared in advance for quantitative supply; pickled food and bittern products should be eaten as little as possible; when cooking kelp, laver and other seafood, do not add additional salt; when dining out, dishes are often high in salt, which can be rinsed with water to remove certain salt.
exercise regularly to control weight. Regular exercise is helpful for obese hypertensive patients to control their weight. It is better to ensure 3-5 times of moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise every week, such as fast walking, cycling, Taijiquan, etc. each time, try to adhere to more than 30 minutes, no more than 1 hour. However, it should be reminded that the blood pressure level should be relatively stable before exercise; if the blood pressure is too high, such as more than 180 / 120 mm Hg, do not exercise temporarily to avoid cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. In addition, try not to exercise in the morning.
eat a balanced diet, quit smoking and limit alcohol. Avoid excessive intake of high-fat and high-fat food, can appropriately increase soybean products, bananas, apples and other rich in potassium food, so as to achieve "one kilogram of vegetables and half a kilogram of fruit" every day. Patients with hypertension had better stop smoking and limit alcohol, so as to avoid cardiovascular damage.
what needs to be reminded is that early hypertension is hidden, which will not make people feel pain and other discomfort, and is not easy to cause alarm. If there are dizziness, headache, high intraocular pressure and other symptoms of unknown causes in the elderly, they should consider the possibility of high blood pressure. It is best to measure them in time, be alert to and prevent blood pressure problems. Family self-test is an important auxiliary means in the treatment of hypertension. If you are over 35 years old, it is better to measure blood pressure every 3-6 months. If you have hypertension, it is recommended to measure 1-2 times a day.
generally speaking, the blood pressure of normal people fluctuates throughout the day. Blood pressure fluctuated at a high level during the day and began to decrease gradually after 8:00 p.m. until 2:00-3:00 a.m., the blood pressure dropped to the lowest level, and the blood pressure may rise sharply in the morning. If you measure by yourself, you must find the right time point and measure at the same time every day.
Hypertension is a cardiovascular syndrome caused by a variety of causes and in a progressive state. It can lead to changes in the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels, and even damage the brain, kidney and eyes. Therefore, patients with hypertension should go to the regular hospital for heart, kidney and fundus examination every six months, which is helpful to master the severity of hypertension, facilitate timely adjustment of treatment plan, and reasonably select blood pressure lowering drugs such as calcium antagonists, beta blockers, sartans, pril drugs and diuretics.
patients don't have to worry about the "dependence" caused by the use of antihypertensive drugs. For the sake of health, this is necessary treatment, do not reject. A kind of